Question 1

Which of the following statements is most true about close relationships and health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Widowed people's risk of death is not affected in the week following their partner's death.
B)  People who have come recently widowed are more vulnerable to disease.
C)  When a marriage ends,women drink and smoke more.
D)  People who have come recently widowed are more protected against disease.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The work of Alloy and Abramson in studying how depressives view the extent of their personal control over events provides evidence of the phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)  optimistic well-being.
B)  pessimistic exaggeration.
C)  depressive realism.
D)  learned helplessness.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

According to research,divorce increases the ensuing risk of an early death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Confirmation bias has been demonstrated to occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  college student research participants are given a hypothesis (e.g.,"this person is extraverted") to test,and they are not able to verify it.
B)  experienced psychotherapists always make correct diagnoses of their clients.
C)  people evaluate themselves in response to questions such as "are you happy with your social life?"
D)  people evaluate themselves in response to questions such as "are you unhappy with your social life?"E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

According to the text,an essential contributing factor to why optimists usually live longer than pessimists is that _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they generally have greater income
B)  they are more likely to engage in healthy behaviours
C)  they tend to be more religious
D)  they are less likely to engage in risky behavioursE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Being depressed has __________ effects on the depressed individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  only cognitive
B)  only behavioural
C)  only social
D)  cognitive and behaviouralE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

University students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat depressed themselves.
B)  more accepting of people suffering psychological disorder.
C)  more optimistic about their own lives.
D)  more studious and committed to achieving academic success.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

According to the text,clinical judgments are also social judgments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Some researchers believe that psychotherapists' susceptibility to confirmation bias may explain

Accepted Answer

A)  their patients' recovered memories of sex abuse.
B)  the occurrence of transference in therapy.
C)  the sadder-but-wiser effect in depressed patients.
D)  the beneficial effects of patients' optimism.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Warr and Payne (1982) asked British adults what had emotionally strained them and what had brought them emotional pleasure the day before.Their most frequent answers were _______ and _______,respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  family; hobbies
B)  work; friends
C)  family; family
D)  work; familyE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Depressed moods can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  memories for positive events to improve moods.
B)  optimistic assessments of one's future performance.
C)  reciprocal depression in others.
D)  lack of self-blaming thinking.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

You are trying to explain to a friend the concept of the vicious cycle of depression.To which mutual acquaintance will you refer to illustrate the concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sandra,who has felt worthless ever since she dropped out of university,and who has been so depressing to be around that some of her friends have avoided her
B)  Joe,who dropped out of college last year because he didn't feel that he fit in,and who has been looking for work ever since
C)  Mike,whose girlfriend left him a few months ago
D)  Rasheeda,who had a huge fight with her mother,lost her job,and then sprained her ankleE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Snyder and his colleagues found that they could get interviewers to search for behaviours that would disconfirm the trait they were testing for by

Accepted Answer

A)  telling them that it was relevant and informative to find out ways in which the person might not be like the stereotype.
B)  promising $25 to the interviewer who developed the set of questions that told the most about the interviewee.
C)  all of the choices resulted in interviewers overcoming their confirmation bias.
D)  none of the choices worked in overcoming the confirmation bias of the interviewers.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Dwayne believes that smiling during lectures helps him get better grades than he would otherwise get.Jake believes that smiling has no effect.Which of the following statements about Dwayne and Jake is most reasonable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dwayne is more likely to be depressed than Jake.
B)  Jake is more likely to be depressed than Dwayne.
C)  Dwayne makes more social cognitions than Jake.
D)  Jake makes more social cognitions than Dwayne.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Steele and Josephs found that ___________ and they called this effect ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anxious laboratory rats will keep drinking alcohol until they die; counter-productive alcohol consumption
B)  people who are drunk often focus on the most notable environmental cue; alcohol myopia
C)  people who are drunk often focus on an inconspicuous detail of their environment; alcohol myopia
D)  people who are drunk often focus on the most notable environmental cue; counter-productive alcohol consumptionE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

You find out that Margaret,a woman who was a close friend of yours in grade school,has just come out as a lesbian.When chatting with a friend about this news,you can both recall things Margaret did as a girl that indicated her emerging lesbianism.This might be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  abreaction.
B)  hindsight bias.
C)  wish fulfillment.
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

According to the text,even when making up their own questions,interviewers' expectations may influence their questioning

Accepted Answer

A)  if they have definite pre-existing ideas.
B)  irrespective of what they think.
C)  even if they don't have any pre-existing ideas.
D)  even if they have no attributions from before.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait,they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  the confirmation bias.
B)  the illusion of control.
C)  negative attributional style.
D)  illusory correlation.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Dr.Phillips,a psychotherapist,is plagued by doubt and guilt after a client commits suicide.These guilty feelings probably stem from _____________ on the part of the therapist.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias
B)  the ultimate attribution error
C)  self-handicapping
D)  hindsight biasE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  People more often seek treatment if they believe their symptoms have a physical rather than a psychological cause.
B)  Women are more often sick.
C)  Women are more likely than men to visit a physician.
D)  Men use fewer prescription and non-prescription drugs.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Snyder and his colleagues found that they could get interviewers to search for behaviours that would disconfirm the trait they were testing for by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Warr and Payne (1982) asked British adults what had emotionally strained them and what had brought them emotional pleasure the day before.Their most frequent answers were _______ and _______,respectively.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,even when making up their own questions,interviewers' expectations may influence their questioning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Confirmation bias has been demonstrated to occur when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research,divorce increases the ensuing risk of an early death.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steele and Josephs found that ___________ and they called this effect ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some researchers believe that psychotherapists' susceptibility to confirmation bias may explain

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,clinical judgments are also social judgments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Being depressed has __________ effects on the depressed individual.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,an essential contributing factor to why optimists usually live longer than pessimists is that _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

University students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is most true about close relationships and health?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait,they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dwayne believes that smiling during lectures helps him get better grades than he would otherwise get.Jake believes that smiling has no effect.Which of the following statements about Dwayne and Jake is most reasonable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are trying to explain to a friend the concept of the vicious cycle of depression.To which mutual acquaintance will you refer to illustrate the concept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The work of Alloy and Abramson in studying how depressives view the extent of their personal control over events provides evidence of the phenomenon known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depressed moods can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Phillips,a psychotherapist,is plagued by doubt and guilt after a client commits suicide.These guilty feelings probably stem from _____________ on the part of the therapist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You find out that Margaret,a woman who was a close friend of yours in grade school,has just come out as a lesbian.When chatting with a friend about this news,you can both recall things Margaret did as a girl that indicated her emerging lesbianism.This might be an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Warr and Payne (1982) asked British adults what had emotionally strained them and what had brought them emotional pleasure the day before.Their most frequent answers were _ and _,respectively.

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Steele and Josephs found that _ and they called this effect __.

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