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Exam 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

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Question 1

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Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500,and hawk: 1200) .Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300) .How many clover plants,per day,does it take to support a family of hawks (Mom,dad,and juvenile.Assume each hawk needs the same number of calories per day.) ?

A) approximately 1800 clover plants
B) approximately 600 clover plants
C) approximately 100 clover plants
D) approximately 18,000 clover plants
E) None,hawks do not eat clover plants.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Question 2

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Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that evolves toward mimicry of a model that has an antipredator defense (Batesian mimicry) .What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (Mullerian mimicry) .

A) The number of Mullerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.
B) The increased number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.
C) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern.
D) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 3

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In an Asian rice paddy,carp eat decaying material from around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves,stems,and roots of the same plant.They can survive at the same time in the same rice paddy because they occupy

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500,and hawk: 1200) .Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300) .How many clover plants,per day,does it take to support one hawk?

The relationship between plants and their pollinators is a good example of parasitism.

A small marine amphipod has recently been discovered that carries a bad-tasting organism on its back,which is contrary to its normal behavior.If a fish ingests the pair,it immediately spits them back out.If the amphipod is alone,however,it is readily eaten.There is no apparent benefit or harm in this relationship for the "backpack" organism.This is probably a case of

The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are

All of the abiotic conditions under which a species can survive when adverse biotic conditions are absent is known as its

Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is

As animals take in food energy,approximately 10% of it is made available to the next level in the food chain.Which of the following is one of the ways in which the energy is used by the organism and not passed along?

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

A community that contains a low species diversity will often have a high species richness.

Chemosynthetic producers obtain energy by the oxidation of ammonia,nitrites,and sulfides,using this energy to make organic compounds.

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called

In order for a community to reach the status of climax community,succession must always begin with pioneer species.

What does the model of island biogeography predict about: A.the relationship between the distance of an island from the mainland and immigration of species? Draw a graph depicting the relationship. B.the relationship between the size of an island and the rate of extinction? Draw a graph depicting the relationship. C.what type of island will have a higher equilibrium species richness than the other types of islands? Combine (and draw)the two previous graphs and indicate the equilibrium species richness of each island.

Which type of succession would occur after a volcanic eruption?

Which of the following features is not part of the ecological niche of a white-tailed deer?

Two communities may have exactly the same number of species,yet one might be measured as having a greater species diversity.What defines species diversity?