Exam 1: Early Humans and the First Civilizations

A) a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than the creator.
B) God could be both vengeful and merciful.
C) each person was worthwhile but had to decide between good and evil based upon the morality established by God.
D) an agreement, or covenant, existed between the Hebrew people and Yahweh.
E) the gods of all other peoples were believed to be mere idols.

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A) he ruled a united kingdom.
B) he built a temple.
C) his capital was Jerusalem.
D) Israel was at the height of its powers.
E) controlled all of the Middle East.

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The Code of Hammurabi is one of the olde...

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A) remained strongly committed to its unique monotheistic beliefs for over two millennia.
B) absorbed almost all of its cultural and administrative policies from Assyrian practices.
C) ended the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Jews during the reign of Cyrus the Great.
D) suffered from administrative corruption, and collapsed after the death of Cyrus.
E) was very intolerant of the ideas and practices of the peoples it conquered.

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The term "Paleolithic" refers to the ear...

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The terms "satraps," "the Royal Road," and "the Immortals" are all associated with the ancient Persian Empire, specifically during the Achaemenid era, which was founded by Cyrus the Great and reached its zenith under Darius the Great and Xerxes. Satraps: Satraps were the provincial governors in the ancient Persian Empire. The empire was divided into various regions or satrapies, each under the administration of a satrap. These satraps were responsible for collecting taxes, ensuring local security, and maintaining loyalty to the central Persian authority. They were often members of the royal family or trusted nobles. The system of satrapies allowed the Persian Empire to efficiently manage its vast territories, which stretched from the Indus Valley in the east to the Aegean Sea in the west. The Royal Road: The Royal Road was an ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BCE. The road stretched for over 2,000 miles (approximately 3,200 kilometers), facilitating rapid communication and trade across the empire. It ran from Susa, one of the Persian capitals, to Sardis near the Aegean coast. The Royal Road was so well constructed that it allowed for an unprecedented level of communication; messengers, known as the "angarium," could travel the distance in a matter of days using a relay system of fresh horses and riders stationed at intervals along the route. The Immortals: The Immortals were an elite unit of the Persian army, forming the personal guard of the Persian kings during the Achaemenid Empire. They were called the Immortals because their number was always kept constant at exactly 10,000 men; if a member was killed or became incapacitated, he was immediately replaced to maintain the unit's strength and continuity. The Immortals were known for their discipline, loyalty, and fighting skills, and they played a crucial role in the Persian military system. They were heavily armed with spears, swords, and wicker shields and wore elaborate uniforms and gold jewelry, signifying their elite status. These terms reflect the sophistication and complexity of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which was one of the largest and most influential empires of the ancient world.

A) developed during the Paleolithic Era.
B) was made of cities and located in a river valley.
C) was located between the Nile and the Niger rivers.
D) was the only early civilization with no cities.
E) was the birthplace of democracy.

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B

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The development of writing had a profoun...

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A) the concept of polytheism.
B) emphasis on good and evil.
C) a common worship of the god, Yahweh.
D) individual judgment of souls after death by Osiris.
E) the belief in unoriginal sin.

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A) priests, rabbis and prophets.
B) covenant, the law and the prophets.
C) army, the king and the family.
D) law, the Pharisees and the rabbinate.
E) Judah, Israel, and the Temple.

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The development of agriculture played a ...

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Kush refers to a historical region and ancient kingdom located in the region of Nubia, situated along the Nile River in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt. The Kingdom of Kush was an early civilization which at its peak, exerted considerable influence and power in Northeast Africa, interacting with and at times rivaling ancient Egypt both culturally and militarily. The Kushite civilization is known for its rich cultural heritage, distinctive art, and architecture, including the construction of pyramids which served as tombs for their kings and queens, similar to but smaller than those built by the ancient Egyptians. The Kushites developed their own language and script, known as Meroitic, after the city of Meroë, which was a major metropolis in the Kingdom of Kush. The most famous period of the Kushite Kingdom was during the 25th Dynasty of Egypt (around 760 BCE to 656 BCE), when Kushite pharaohs ruled over both Egypt and Kush, effectively uniting the Nile Valley under their control. The Kushite pharaohs are known for their efforts to revive traditional Egyptian culture and religion during their rule. The Kingdom of Kush eventually declined due to a combination of economic factors, pressure from the expanding Roman Empire, and internal strife, leading to its eventual absorption into other emerging African civilizations. Despite its fall, the legacy of Kush continues to be an important part of African history and heritage.

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A) having some of the best ships in the Mediterranean ​
B) established numerous Black Sea colonies.
C) invented an alphabet.
D) having an extensive trade network
E) conquered the Sea Peoples of Egypt.

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Hieroglyphs are a system of writing that...

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