A) One characterized by laissez-faire, with the state playing a minimal role in the economy
B) An interventionist one with the state intruding unhindered into the major sectors of the economy
C) A mixed one involving some government planning and intervention but with a strong market-based economy as well
D) A command economy involving the government setting five-year economic plans for the entire economy
E) A predatory one in which political leaders regularly use their positions for economic benefit
G) B) and E)
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The parties of the First and Second Repu...View Answer
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A) improving the average GDP of Nigeria.
B) paying off much of the country's massive foreign debt.
C) implementing a government-funded universal primary education system.
D) privatizing the oil industry.
E) curbing the country's rampant corruption.
G) B) and C)
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Civil society groups have become the pri...View Answer
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A) It has become more centralized and more personalized.
B) It has become more dependent upon the support of other state institutions.
C) It has increasingly become more dependent upon the support of the military.
D) It has become increasingly decentralized with different ministers becoming more important than others.
E) Initially the center of the political system, it has increasingly become marginalized with the rise of other political institutions.
G) B) and D)
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A) The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the federal structures of the country.
B) The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the practice of rotating federal political offices among the different states.
C) The former has never been violated whereas the latter threatens to be violated by President Jonathan's decision to run for reelection.
D) The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the setting aside of ethnic quotas in government hiring practices.
E) The former is codified in the constitution whereas the latter is not.
G) A) and B)
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A) establishing administrative regions on the basis of ethnicity.
B) permitting the development of ethnically-based associations.
C) fostering competition among ethnic groups.
D) utilizing local leaders to help support their colonial rule.
E) All of the above were implemented by British colonialism to help ensure that ethnicity would be the primary element in political identification and mobilization.
G) A) and B)
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A) an economic interest group in Nigeria.
B) an attempt at economic planning that involves the coequal participation of both representatives from government and the private sector.
C) the Nigerian bureaucracy responsible for establishing national economic plans.
D) the body of economic advisors to the president.
E) an effort between Nigerian domestic firms and multinational corporations to coordinate their activities.
G) None of the above
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A) Since the return of civilian governments, the judiciary has issued many rulings which have increased the authority of state governments vis-à-vis the central government, thus giving Nigerian federalism greater political legitimacy.
B) Because Nigerian states are highly dependent upon the federal government for revenue, the country's federal system is skewed in favor of the central government.
C) Civilian presidents have consistently built alliances with powerful state governors in order to centralize their control of party.
D) Since the return of civilian government, Nigerian states have sought to gain greater control of resources.
E) Because local governments are little more than patronage outposts of state governors, they often fail to provide even the most basic public services.
G) C) and D)
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A) Nigeria's population is roughly split between Islam and Christianity, although some traditional belief systems persist.
B) Religious tensions have been most volatile in the Middle Belt region of the country.
C) The major Christian denomination in Nigeria is Catholicism.
D) Religious identities generally are associated with ethnic identities in Nigeria.
E) Religious cultures have consistently clashed over political issues such as the secular character of the state.
G) B) and E)
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A) Business groups have frequently supported and colluded with corrupt military and civilian governments.
B) Recently, business groups have begun to take a more political stance by advocating better governance.
C) The Nigerian business class has historically been described as "pirate capitalists" due to their corrupt practices and high level of collusion with state officials.
D) The largest business organization is the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Mines and Agriculture.
E) Business groups have never had a say in the development of economic policy.
G) C) and D)
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A) one-third
B) one-quarter
C) one-fifth
D) one-half
E) one-tenth
G) None of the above
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A) since independence, the same party that has won the executive has also won the majority, either outright or in coalition, in the legislature.
B) Nigerian constitutions have consistently failed to provide the legislature with the power of the purse.
C) presidents and governors allied with them to control the primaries process.
D) Nigerian legislatures were either nonexistent or powerless under military rule effectively establishing a pattern of executive dominance.
E) All of the above help explain executive dominance over the legislature.
G) All of the above
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A) Although ethnic, regional, and religious differences have hampered their solidarity, they have served as an important challenge to the government and a potent force in society.
B) They are extremely corrupt and have colluded with the federal government for rents.
C) Due to a history of state corporatism, they have been co-opted by the government and fail to act independently.
D) They have never been a significant force in Nigeria.
E) Because they are highly fragmented along ethnic, regional and religious differences, their political impact has been minimal.
G) B) and E)
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A) Nigeria is the largest economy in the West African subregion.
B) Nigeria is the only African member of the G20 grouping, an annual convention of the world's largest economies.
C) Despite its oil revenues, Nigeria remains dependent on Western countries, as well as China, for finance capital and production technologies.
D) Nigeria's dependence on oil revenues makes its economic development susceptible to boom and bust cycles.
E) Nigeria is a major player in the global energy market, producing some 2 million barrels of oil daily, most of it for export.
G) A) and E)
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A) expressions by the military's senior officers that the military has a role to play in the country's politics.
B) the growing use of extra-systemic measures, including violence, by the political elite to advance their interests.
C) the presence of minor parties with only narrow ethnic constituencies.
D) militias expressing ethno-nationalist demands.
E) the absorption and cooptation of opposition forces by the PDP.
G) None of the above
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A) lasted less than one year.
B) was a parliamentary system generally dominated by southern ethnic groups.
C) was a parliamentary system generally dominated by northern ethnic groups.
D) was a mixed system in which the three major ethnic groups were each ensured a leadership position.
E) was a constitutional monarchy.
G) All of the above
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A) occurred within the country's constitutional framework.
B) illustrated how the country has become one dominated by a competitive oligarchy.
C) came about without direct military intervention.
D) was brought about at least in part due to international and domestic pressure.
E) All of the above statements are true.
G) B) and D)
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A) 60; 75
B) 80; 50
C) 90; 50
D) 75; 75
E) 90; 75
G) A) and C)
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