Question 1

The primary precursor utilized in gluconeogenesis is

Accepted Answer

A)   glycogen.
B)   starch.
C)   glycerol.
D)   the amino acid glutamate.
E)   the nucleic acid guanosine.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Most body heat in endotherms is derived from _____ while most body heat in ectotherms is derived from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic processes, metabolic processes
B)   metabolic processes, their environment
C)   their environment, metabolic processes
D)   their environment, their environment
E)   fur, insulating scalesF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of acclimatization?

Accepted Answer

A)   sweating while working out
B)   a dog moving into the shade
C)   a dog panting on a hot day
D)   young penguins huddling together to stay warm
E)   a duck growing thick down underfeathers in fallF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

A mouse and a lizard of identical weight would be expected to have the same total metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As body fat mass increases, leptin production decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Individuals with hypothetical "thrifty genes" are proposed to be better at storing fat than individuals without these genetic variants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship of energy expenditure to body size in animals is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Large endotherms have higher mass-specific metabolic rates (O2/g tissue/hour)  than small endotherms.
B)   Large ectotherms have lower mass-specific metabolic rates than small ectotherms.
C)   There is an inverse (i.e., negative)  relationship between the TOTAL energy used by an animal and its body size.
D)   Only endotherms show an inverse relationship between specific metabolic rate and body size.
E)   Only ectotherms show an inverse relationship between specific metabolic rate and body size.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E) B

Question 8

Most important biochemical reactions in an animal's body are catalyzed by enzymes. For each increase in temperature of 10oC, the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Accepted Answer

A)   does not change.
B)   slows down by approximately 90%.
C)   slows down by approximately 50%.
D)   increases in rate approximately 2-3 fold.
E)   increases in rate by approximately 10 fold.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

All of the following are mechanisms of thermoregulation in ectothermic animals EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   countercurrent heat exchangers.
B)   changing the rate of heat production by muscular activity.
C)   changing the rate of heat loss by vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
D)   relocating to cool areas when too hot or warm areas when too cold.
E)   insulation in the form of feathers or fur.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

During hibernation, a bear would be expected to be in the postabsorptive state in terms of nutrient utilization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Insulin stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which hormone has potent, direct effects on appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)   leptin
B)   insulin
C)   glucagon
D)   thyroxine
E)   vasopressinF) A) and E)
G) B) and C) A

Question 13

Digesting food increases metabolic rate. Which type of nutrient produces the greatest increases?

Accepted Answer

A)   simple carbohydrates
B)   complex carbohydrates
C)   fats
D)   proteins
E)   nucleic acidsF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The main DISADVANTAGE of excessive gluconeogenesis during prolonged postabsorptive periods is that

Accepted Answer

A)   continued protein breakdown can impair enzymatic activity and plasma membrane functions.
B)   carbohydrate buildup in the liver impairs its function.
C)   the brain is exposed to levels of glucose that are too high.
D)   tissues other than the brain increase glucose utilization.
E)   glucose absorption from the gut is impaired.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a fate of glucose entering the body during the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

A)   used as fuel immediately by body cells
B)   stored as glycogen in the liver
C)   stored as glycogen in muscles
D)   converted to triglycerides and stored in fat cells
E)   converted into the hard extracellular matrix of boneF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

Hibernation in small mammals is an example of what specific phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   sleep
B)   rest
C)   torpor
D)   hiding
E)   activityF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Insulin stimulation is required to move ALL types of glucose transport proteins to the plasma membrane of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following organs or tissues can use glycerol and fatty acids as energy sources during the postabsorptive period?

Accepted Answer

A)   heart
B)   skeletal muscles like the bicep
C)   brain
D)   heart and skeletal muscles
E)   skeletal muscles and brainF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 19

Imagine you conduct a parabiosis experiment with two strains of mice, one of which lacks a functional leptin gene (ob strain)  while the other lacks a functional receptor for this hormone (db strain) . Which of the following outcomes would you observe?

Accepted Answer

A)   no weight change in the ob mouse
B)   no weight change in the db mouse
C)   increased body weight in the ob mouse
D)   decreased body weight in the ob mouse
E)   decreased body weight in the db mouseF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is a carbohydrate monomer absorbed from the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)   glycogen
B)   starch
C)   cellulose
D)   glucose
E)   lipoproteinF) C) and E)
G) A) and B) D

Exam 46: Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

The primary precursor utilized in gluconeogenesis is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most body heat in endotherms is derived from _____ while most body heat in ectotherms is derived from ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of acclimatization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mouse and a lizard of identical weight would be expected to have the same total metabolic rate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As body fat mass increases, leptin production decreases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals with hypothetical "thrifty genes" are proposed to be better at storing fat than individuals without these genetic variants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship of energy expenditure to body size in animals is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Most important biochemical reactions in an animal's body are catalyzed by enzymes. For each increase in temperature of 10oC, the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are mechanisms of thermoregulation in ectothermic animals EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During hibernation, a bear would be expected to be in the postabsorptive state in terms of nutrient utilization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insulin stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by the liver.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone has potent, direct effects on appetite?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Digesting food increases metabolic rate. Which type of nutrient produces the greatest increases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main DISADVANTAGE of excessive gluconeogenesis during prolonged postabsorptive periods is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a fate of glucose entering the body during the absorptive state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hibernation in small mammals is an example of what specific phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insulin stimulation is required to move ALL types of glucose transport proteins to the plasma membrane of the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organs or tissues can use glycerol and fatty acids as energy sources during the postabsorptive period?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine you conduct a parabiosis experiment with two strains of mice, one of which lacks a functional leptin gene (ob strain) while the other lacks a functional receptor for this hormone (db strain) . Which of the following outcomes would you observe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a carbohydrate monomer absorbed from the digestive tract?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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Most body heat in endotherms is derived from _ while most body heat in ectotherms is derived from .

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B

Most important biochemical reactions in an animal's body are catalyzed by enzymes. For each increase in temperature of 10^oC, the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

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A

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D