Question 1

Older people who eat more chocolate tend to have a better memory.What conclusion,if any,can we draw from these data?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Chocolate improves memory.
B)  ​Older people with good memory can remember where they put the chocolate.
C)  ​Healthier people eat chocolate and have a good memory.
D)  ​We can draw none of these conclusions.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

To determine the effect of distraction,an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read aChapter while listening to loud music.What will the control group do?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Read the chapter without the music, and then answer the questions.
B)  ​Decide whether or not to listen to the music while reading the chapter.
C)  ​Read the chapter while listening to the music, but then leave without answering questions.
D)  ​Help the experimenter design the next experiment.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of these does a psychological researcher try to avoid or minimize?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Demand characteristics
B)  ​Falsifiable hypotheses
C)  ​Independent variables
D)  ​Dependent variablesE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

A researcher sits on a park bench and surveys every passing person who is willing to participate.What type of sample will this be?​

Accepted Answer

A)  A random sample
B)  ​A representative sample
C)  ​A convenience sample
D)  ​A cross-cultural sampleE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

What does random assignment do?​

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the variance of measurements.
B)  ​It increases the correlation between two variables.
C)  ​It eliminates the effects of the independent variables.
D)  ​It determines who will be in the experimental group.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

A professor invites students who did poorly on the first test to attend a special review session before the second test.Most do better on the second test.What conclusion,if any,can we draw,and why?​

Accepted Answer

A)  We conclude that the study session helped, because the scores improved.
B)  ​We conclude that the most motivated students attended the review session, because scores improved.
C)  ​We draw no conclusion, because the study has too many independent variables.
D)  ​We draw no conclusion, because the study lacks a control group.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In the statistical statement "p < 0.05,: what does the p indicate?​

Accepted Answer

A)  The strength of correlation between two variables​
B)  ​The amount of consistency in the results over a period of time
C)  ​The probability that random events would produce the outcome
D)  ​The amount of difference between two groupsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Some people believe in the existence of the "abominable snowman." Others doubt its existence.Who has the burden of proof,and why?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Those who believe in the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they are defending the more popular point of view.
B)  ​Those who believe in the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they might be able to find evidence, and the doubters could not.
C)  ​Those who doubt the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they are defending the more popular point of view.
D)  ​Those who doubt the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they might be able to find evidence, and the believers could not.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

On the Mechanical Turk website,researchers post studies and anyone who wants to can participate for a small fee.What kind of research sample does this provide?​

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a convenience sample.
B)  ​It is a random sample.
C)  ​It is a representative sample.
D)  ​It is a statistical sample.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

In a double-blind study,who knows which participants are in the experimental group?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the participants themselves
B)  ​Only the observer who evaluates the participants
C)  ​Both the participants and the observer who evaluates them.
D)  ​Only the experimenter who organized the studyE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

When someone conducts a research study,which of these comes first?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Interpretation
B)  ​Methods
C)  ​Hypothesis
D)  ​ResultsE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

People who spend more money on binoculars tend to know more about birds than people who spend less or none.This observation was almost certainly based on what kind of study?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Anecdote
B)  ​Correlation
C)  ​Single-blind study
D)  ​Double-blind studyE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

A researcher asks people to drink coffee before or after reading an essay,and later compares the memory of the two groups.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A)  The time of drinking coffee
B)  ​The nature of the essay
C)  ​The memory performances
D)  ​The brand of coffeeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

If a result is replicable,which of these must be true? ​

Accepted Answer

A)  Other investigators can repeat the results.
B)  ​The interpretation is more parsimonious than other possible explanations.
C)  ​The results have been published in a reputable journal.
D)  ​The results are statistically significant.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

How did Clever Hans solve arithmetic problems?​

Accepted Answer

A)  He memorized the answer to each question by long practice.
B)  ​He watched the questioner for facial cues.
C)  ​He listened for the questioner to clear his throat.
D)  ​He guessed correctly only by accident.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

On the first test,the mean is 75,your score is 90,and the standard deviation is 15.On the second test,the mean is 75,your score is 85,and the standard deviation is 5.Compared to other students,how well did you do on the two tests?​

Accepted Answer

A)  You did better on the first test.
B)  ​You did better on the second test.
C)  ​You did equally well on both tests.
D)  ​Not enough information is given to answer the question.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Suppose many researchers have conducted similar studies,but most used only a small number of participants.To estimate the true size of the results,which procedure would be best?​

Accepted Answer

A)  A correlation coefficient
B)  ​A meta-analysis
C)  ​A survey
D)  ​A statement of parsimonyE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

What do we call the principle that we should prefer the theory that makes the fewest and simplest assumptions?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Informed consent
B)  ​Parsimony
C)  ​Falsifiability
D)  ​CorrelationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Suppose researchers are not certain about whether or not a certain finding is replicable.Which of these procedures would be appropriate for answering the question?​

Accepted Answer

A)  A meta-analysis
B)  ​A standard deviation
C)  ​A demand characteristic
D)  ​A case historyE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The Central Math & Science high school "Fighting Hypotenuses" scored 40,45,55,40,and 60 points (a total of 240) in their first five basketball games.What was their mean number of points?​

Accepted Answer

A)  40
B)  ​45
C)  ​48
D)  ​55E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

People who spend more money on binoculars tend to know more about birds than people who spend less or none.This observation was almost certainly based on what kind of study?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these does a psychological researcher try to avoid or minimize?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some people believe in the existence of the "abominable snowman." Others doubt its existence.Who has the burden of proof,and why?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Clever Hans solve arithmetic problems?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On the Mechanical Turk website,researchers post studies and anyone who wants to can participate for a small fee.What kind of research sample does this provide?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On the first test,the mean is 75,your score is 90,and the standard deviation is 15.On the second test,the mean is 75,your score is 85,and the standard deviation is 5.Compared to other students,how well did you do on the two tests?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher sits on a park bench and surveys every passing person who is willing to participate.What type of sample will this be?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose many researchers have conducted similar studies,but most used only a small number of participants.To estimate the true size of the results,which procedure would be best?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Central Math & Science high school "Fighting Hypotenuses" scored 40,45,55,40,and 60 points (a total of 240) in their first five basketball games.What was their mean number of points?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Older people who eat more chocolate tend to have a better memory.What conclusion,if any,can we draw from these data?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a result is replicable,which of these must be true? ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To determine the effect of distraction,an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read aChapter while listening to loud music.What will the control group do?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When someone conducts a research study,which of these comes first?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do we call the principle that we should prefer the theory that makes the fewest and simplest assumptions?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does random assignment do?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose researchers are not certain about whether or not a certain finding is replicable.Which of these procedures would be appropriate for answering the question?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a double-blind study,who knows which participants are in the experimental group?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the statistical statement "p < 0.05,: what does the p indicate?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher asks people to drink coffee before or after reading an essay,and later compares the memory of the two groups.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A professor invites students who did poorly on the first test to attend a special review session before the second test.Most do better on the second test.What conclusion,if any,can we draw,and why?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who spend more money on binoculars tend to know more about birds than people who spend less or none.This observation was almost certainly based on what kind of study?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these does a psychological researcher try to avoid or minimize?

Correct Answer
verified

Some people believe in the existence of the "abominable snowman." Others doubt its existence.Who has the burden of proof,and why?

Correct Answer
verified

How did Clever Hans solve arithmetic problems?

Correct Answer
verified

On the Mechanical Turk website,researchers post studies and anyone who wants to can participate for a small fee.What kind of research sample does this provide?

Correct Answer
verified

On the first test,the mean is 75,your score is 90,and the standard deviation is 15.On the second test,the mean is 75,your score is 85,and the standard deviation is 5.Compared to other students,how well did you do on the two tests?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher sits on a park bench and surveys every passing person who is willing to participate.What type of sample will this be?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose many researchers have conducted similar studies,but most used only a small number of participants.To estimate the true size of the results,which procedure would be best?

Correct Answer
verified

The Central Math & Science high school "Fighting Hypotenuses" scored 40,45,55,40,and 60 points (a total of 240) in their first five basketball games.What was their mean number of points?

Correct Answer
verified

Older people who eat more chocolate tend to have a better memory.What conclusion,if any,can we draw from these data?

Correct Answer
verified

If a result is replicable,which of these must be true?

Correct Answer
verified

To determine the effect of distraction,an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read aChapter while listening to loud music.What will the control group do?

Correct Answer
verified

When someone conducts a research study,which of these comes first?

Correct Answer
verified

What do we call the principle that we should prefer the theory that makes the fewest and simplest assumptions?

Correct Answer
verified

What does random assignment do?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose researchers are not certain about whether or not a certain finding is replicable.Which of these procedures would be appropriate for answering the question?

Correct Answer
verified

In a double-blind study,who knows which participants are in the experimental group?

Correct Answer
verified

In the statistical statement "p < 0.05,: what does the p indicate?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher asks people to drink coffee before or after reading an essay,and later compares the memory of the two groups.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

A professor invites students who did poorly on the first test to attend a special review session before the second test.Most do better on the second test.What conclusion,if any,can we draw,and why?

Correct Answer
verified