Question 1

Describe what happens during a primary infection with herpes simplex virus I (HSVI), how the virus enters into latency, and then how the virus can be reactivated back to a lytic infection.Your answer should focus on the cell types affected by each stage of the infection.

Accepted Answer

When HSVI initiates a primary infection it enters a epithelial cell, usually near the mouth.This initial infection is productive and new virions are released from the epithelial cells.The damage to the cells, in addition to the immune response to this primary infection, leads to the typical cold sore of a HSVI infection.From the epithelial cell, virions infect nearby sensory neurons.The virus enters the neuron and undergo retrograde transport along axons to the cell nucleus.Here the viral genome is maintained as a circular episome, transcription is repressed, and there is no viral DNA replication.The virus can be maintained in this latent state in the neurons for the life of the host.Sometimes a local or systemic stimuli - stress, fever, or sunlight - can induce the virus to exit the sensory neuron and travel back to the site of the primary infection, where it will infect epithelial cells an cause a new cold sore in the process.

Question 2

Both herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus have multiple mechanisms to suppress both cellular antiviral pathways as well as allow latently infected cells to hide from the adaptive immune system.Describe two of these mechanisms used by either virus.

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex virus: Virion host shut-o...

Question 3

Which of the following describes the major function of the proteins made from the a genes of herpes simplex virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Replication of the viral DNA.
B)   Assembly of the capsid.
C)   Regulation of viral gene expression.
D)   Inhibition of the production of antibodies.
E)   Formation of the tegument and envelope.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The EBNA1 protein is absolutely required for replication of the genome of Epstein-Barr virus during latent infection of B lymphocytes.Which of the following is NOT a function of the EBNA1 protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   Binds to multiple sites on the oriP.
B)   Serves as the primer for DNA replication.
C)   Directs cellular replication enzymes to the viral genome.
D)   Segregates the viral DNA into daughter cells.
E)   Enhances expression of the latency genes.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 5

Herpesviruses hardly ever cause serious or fatal infections, even in patients with reduced immune function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Explain the three models proposed for how newly assembled herpesvirus nucleocapsids exit the nucleus and acquire the tegument and envelope/

Accepted Answer

Model #1 suggests that the tegument and ...

Question 7

Which of the following describes the function of the α-TIF/VP16 protein from herpes simplex virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It shuts off expression of cellular proteins.
B)   It activates transcription of immediate-early genes.
C)   It uncoats the viral DNA at the nuclear pore.
D)   It represses transcription of immediate-early genes.
E)   It is required for the transition between a and b gene expression.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The EBER RNAs encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus are synthesizes by RNA polymerase III.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics of the virion of herpesviruses is atypical of most enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is an amorphous protein layer between the capsid and envelope.
B)   The capsid is composed of both a major and a minor protein.
C)   The envelope contains multiple glycoproteins.
D)   The capsid has icosahedral structure.
E)   The DNA is packaged through a portal protein.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

Which of the following describes the distinguishing features of the three types of latency exhibited by the Epstein-Barr virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Whether the viral DNA is integrated into the host chromosome or not.
B)   The number of copies of the viral genome maintained.
C)   The type of envelope glycoproteins on the cell surface.
D)   The cell types that are latently infected.
E)   The number and type of EBNA and LMP genes expressed.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following is a disease NOT caused by a member of the herpesvirus family?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cold sores.
B)   Chickenpox
C)   Common cold.
D)   Encephalitis.
E)   Hepatitis.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 12

What is unusual about the structure of the genome of herpes simplex virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a covalently closed circle.
B)   It has two unique sequences flanked by inverted repeats
C)   It has one long unique sequence flanked by terminal repeats.
D)   It is linear with a terminal protein bound to each of the 5' ends.
E)   It consists of two DNA segments.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E) B

Question 13

From an evolutionary perspective, herpesviruses have been very successful pathogens in the human population since they are so widely distributed and only cause severe disease in rare circumstances.Describe some of the biological characteristics of herpesviruses that have allowed them to be so successful.

Accepted Answer

Herpesviruses have co-evolved with their...

Question 14

Which of the following events during assembly of herpesvirus virions causes the scaffolding proteins to be ejected from the capsid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Conformational change that seals the capsid.
B)   Cleavage of the scaffolding proteins by a cellular protease.
C)   Acquisition of the tegument around the capsid.
D)   Insertion of the portal protein into one of the 12 vertices.
E)   Packaging of the viral DNA into the capsid.F) None of the above
G) A) and E) E

Question 15

Epstein-Barr virus particles produced in B lymphocyes will infect other B lymphocytes with a higher efficiency than they will infect epithelial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT used a host cell receptor for herpes simplex virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Proteoglycans.
B)   Nectin 1
C)   Integrin
D)   Heparan sulfate.
E)   Herpesvirus entry mediatorF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

The symptoms of mononucleosis, which include an enlarged spleen and fatigue, are caused by the expansion of infected B lymphocytes soon after primary infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Both HSV and EBV, which are members of the herpesvirus family, have mechanisms that prevent the immune system from recognizing and killing infected cells.Which of the following explains why this is important?

Accepted Answer

A)   Herpesviruses are maintained in the host for life in a latent infection.
B)   Herpesviruses are very sensitive to the effects of the immune system.
C)   Herpesviruses are rarely transmitted to new hosts.
D)   Herpesviruses infect cells that are components of the immune system.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) maintains a latent infection in neurons while Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) maintains latency in B lymphocytes.While EBV maintains a low level of viral DNA replication, HSV does not replicate its genome at all during latency.Which of the following explains this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)   B lymphocytes degrade some of the EBV genomes.
B)   Neurons are a non-dividing cell type while B cells still divide.
C)   HSV integrates its genome into the host cell genome while EBV does not.
D)   Neurons replicate much more quickly than B cells.
E)   Neurons live for the life of the host and never die.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 20

A few of the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) from herpes simplex virus have an unusual structure.Which of the following describes how they are unusual?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are covalently closed circular RNA.
B)   They have a high degree of secondary structure.
C)   They have two separate open reading frames.
D)   They represent a stable intron lariats.
E)   They form double-stranded RNA with the ICP0 mRNA.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 24: Herpesviruses

Describe what happens during a primary infection with herpes simplex virus I (HSVI), how the virus enters into latency, and then how the virus can be reactivated back to a lytic infection.Your answer should focus on the cell types affected by each stage of the infection.

Both herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus have multiple mechanisms to suppress both cellular antiviral pathways as well as allow latently infected cells to hide from the adaptive immune system.Describe two of these mechanisms used by either virus.

Correct Answer
verified
Herpes simplex virus: Virion host shut-o...
View Answer

Which of the following describes the major function of the proteins made from the a genes of herpes simplex virus?

Correct Answer
verified

The EBNA1 protein is absolutely required for replication of the genome of Epstein-Barr virus during latent infection of B lymphocytes.Which of the following is NOT a function of the EBNA1 protein?

Correct Answer
verified

Herpesviruses hardly ever cause serious or fatal infections, even in patients with reduced immune function.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain the three models proposed for how newly assembled herpesvirus nucleocapsids exit the nucleus and acquire the tegument and envelope/

Correct Answer
verified
Model #1 suggests that the tegument and ...
View Answer

Which of the following describes the function of the α-TIF/VP16 protein from herpes simplex virus?

Correct Answer
verified

The EBER RNAs encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus are synthesizes by RNA polymerase III.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following characteristics of the virion of herpesviruses is atypical of most enveloped viruses?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following describes the distinguishing features of the three types of latency exhibited by the Epstein-Barr virus?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a disease NOT caused by a member of the herpesvirus family?

Correct Answer
verified

What is unusual about the structure of the genome of herpes simplex virus?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified
Herpesviruses have co-evolved with their...
View Answer

Which of the following events during assembly of herpesvirus virions causes the scaffolding proteins to be ejected from the capsid?

Correct Answer
verified
E

Epstein-Barr virus particles produced in B lymphocyes will infect other B lymphocytes with a higher efficiency than they will infect epithelial cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT used a host cell receptor for herpes simplex virus?

Correct Answer
verified

The symptoms of mononucleosis, which include an enlarged spleen and fatigue, are caused by the expansion of infected B lymphocytes soon after primary infection.

Correct Answer
verified

Both HSV and EBV, which are members of the herpesvirus family, have mechanisms that prevent the immune system from recognizing and killing infected cells.Which of the following explains why this is important?

Correct Answer
verified

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) maintains a latent infection in neurons while Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) maintains latency in B lymphocytes.While EBV maintains a low level of viral DNA replication, HSV does not replicate its genome at all during latency.Which of the following explains this difference?

Correct Answer
verified

A few of the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) from herpes simplex virus have an unusual structure.Which of the following describes how they are unusual?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 24: Herpesviruses

Describe what happens during a primary infection with herpes simplex virus I (HSVI), how the virus enters into latency, and then how the virus can be reactivated back to a lytic infection.Your answer should focus on the cell types affected by each stage of the infection.

Both herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus have multiple mechanisms to suppress both cellular antiviral pathways as well as allow latently infected cells to hide from the adaptive immune system.Describe two of these mechanisms used by either virus.

Correct AnswerverifiedHerpes simplex virus: Virion host shut-o...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following describes the major function of the proteins made from the a genes of herpes simplex virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The EBNA1 protein is absolutely required for replication of the genome of Epstein-Barr virus during latent infection of B lymphocytes.Which of the following is NOT a function of the EBNA1 protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Herpesviruses hardly ever cause serious or fatal infections, even in patients with reduced immune function.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the three models proposed for how newly assembled herpesvirus nucleocapsids exit the nucleus and acquire the tegument and envelope/

Correct AnswerverifiedModel #1 suggests that the tegument and ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following describes the function of the α-TIF/VP16 protein from herpes simplex virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The EBER RNAs encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus are synthesizes by RNA polymerase III.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics of the virion of herpesviruses is atypical of most enveloped viruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes the distinguishing features of the three types of latency exhibited by the Epstein-Barr virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a disease NOT caused by a member of the herpesvirus family?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is unusual about the structure of the genome of herpes simplex virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Correct AnswerverifiedHerpesviruses have co-evolved with their...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following events during assembly of herpesvirus virions causes the scaffolding proteins to be ejected from the capsid?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Epstein-Barr virus particles produced in B lymphocyes will infect other B lymphocytes with a higher efficiency than they will infect epithelial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT used a host cell receptor for herpes simplex virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The symptoms of mononucleosis, which include an enlarged spleen and fatigue, are caused by the expansion of infected B lymphocytes soon after primary infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both HSV and EBV, which are members of the herpesvirus family, have mechanisms that prevent the immune system from recognizing and killing infected cells.Which of the following explains why this is important?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) maintains a latent infection in neurons while Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) maintains latency in B lymphocytes.While EBV maintains a low level of viral DNA replication, HSV does not replicate its genome at all during latency.Which of the following explains this difference?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A few of the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) from herpes simplex virus have an unusual structure.Which of the following describes how they are unusual?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Herpes simplex virus: Virion host shut-o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Model #1 suggests that the tegument and ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Herpesviruses have co-evolved with their...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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E

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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