A) the human immunodeficiency virus that destroys helper T cells.
B) the human immunodeficiency virus that stimulates apoptosis of immune system cells.
C) allergens that stimulate helper T cells to produce cytokines.
D) bacteria that destroy lymphocytes in the bone marrow.
E) the human immunodeficiency virus that destroys macrophages.
G) A) and D)
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A) They bind with specific antigens.
B) They cause B cells to produce plasma cells and memory B cells when activated.
C) They may never encounter the antigen which binds to them.
D) They are identical to the antibodies produced by plasma cells which they activated.
E) They may be changed by the B cell in response to whatever pathogen is present.
G) A) and D)
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A) An HIV infection may result.
B) Leukemia or lymphoma may result.
C) The future immunity is that much stronger.
D) An autoimmune disease may result.
E) An allergy may result.
G) None of the above
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A) pelvic bones
B) sternum
C) clavicle
D) vertebrae
E) carpals
G) A) and D)
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A) protein and carbohydrates
B) nucleic acids and proteins
C) lipids and proteins
D) lipids and carbohydrates
E) nucleic acids and carbohydrates
G) B) and E)
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B) False
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A) A and AB
B) B and O
C) B only
D) O only
E) B,AB and O
G) A) and B)
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A) Vaccines will always cause the patient to become ill in order to build the immune system.
B) Vaccines never cause the patient to become ill in order to build the immune system.
C) Vaccines are not intended to cause the patient to become ill in order to build the immune system.
D) Vaccines need to be administered on a continuous basis in order to be effective.
E) It is only necessary to be vaccinated once in order to have immunity for your entire life.
G) A) and D)
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A) mast cells.
B) neutrophils.
C) B lymphocytes.
D) macrophages.
E) natural killer cells.
G) A) and C)
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A) Cytotoxic T cells and antibodies in the body destroy the transplanted tissue.
B) Helper T cells and antibodies in the body destroy the transplanted tissue.
C) Cytotoxic T cells and antibodies will reroute the blood supply away from the transplanted tissue, starving it to death.
D) The host bodies antigens will not allow the transplanted tissue to attach to the host.
E) The host body red blood cells will not carry oxygen to the transplanted tissue.
G) B) and D)
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A
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A) many lymph nodes are superficial.
B) all lymph nodes are superficial.
C) lymph nodes become hot when fighting disease.
D) lymph nodes secrete pus when fighting an infection.
E) lymph nodes are concentrated in the abdomen.
G) B) and D)
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A) a booster
B) the primary exposure to the vaccine
C) a dose of antibodies
D) live pathogen
E) histamine
G) A) and E)
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A) memory mast cells produce antibodies in response to pathogens entering the body.
B) plasma cells remain in the immune system to protect the body.
C) memory B cells are produced in response to specific pathogens.
D) neutrophils remain in the blood to phagocytize any new measles pathogens.
E) helper T cells continue to produce cytokines indefinitely.
G) B) and E)
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A) exposure to a pathogen either naturally or by vaccination.
B) memory B cells responding to a second exposure to the same pathogen.
C) receiving mother's antibodies through the placenta and breast feeding.
D) passive or active mechanisms.
E) the stimulation of a nonspecific immune defense.
G) B) and D)
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E
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A) It contains red pulp and white pulp.
B) It is an essential organ for survival.
C) It can be involved in fighting cancer.
D) It is spongy, containing many sinuses.
E) It is easily ruptured by a severe blow or infection.
G) D) and E)
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A) she has A antigens on her red blood cells and can only receive type A blood in transfusions.
B) she produces A antibodies when type A blood is used in transfusion, causing agglutination.
C) she has A antigens on her red blood cells and will produce antibodies if red blood cells with B antigens are transfused into her body.
D) she has B antigens on her red blood cells and can only receive type O blood.
E) she produces A antibodies when type B blood is used in a transfusion.
G) A) and D)
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A) digestive system
B) skeletal system
C) cardiovascular system
D) lymphatic system
E) integumentary system
G) A) and E)
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A
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A) Natural killer
B) Plasma
C) Cytotoxic T
D) Memory B
E) Helper T
G) B) and E)
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A) They are blood plasma proteins.
B) Some form the membrane attack complex, which forms a hole in the bacterial plasma membrane.
C) They may amplify the inflammatory response by attracting phagocytes to the site of the infection.
D) They may bind to pathogens already coated with antibodies, ensuring they are phagocytized.
E) Many proteins must be independently activated in order to have a significant impact on the immune response.
G) A) and D)
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B) False
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