Question 1

There is a strong comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a strong comorbidity between schizophrenia...

Question 2

Research suggests that ______________ may be used to decrease the rewarding effects of cocaine.

Accepted Answer

A)   dopamine agonists
B)   dopamine antagonists
C)   serotonin agonists
D)   sirtuin agonists
E)   sirtuin antagonistsF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

Alcohol consumption is not distributed equally across the population; in the United States, _____ percent of the people drink _____ percent of the alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)   10; 50
B)   50; 10
C)   15; 25
D)   25; 50
E)   50; 25F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nicotine is addictive but is a harmless habit.
B)   "Nicotine use is a habit, not an addiction."
C)   Most smokers smoke every other day.
D)   Smokers often continue to smoke after lung cancer or heart attacks.
E)   Animals do not self-administer nicotine.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Activation of neurons within the ________ during repeated drug injection appears to play a key role in the compulsive nature of drug abuse.

Accepted Answer

A)   hippocampus
B)   nucleus accumbens
C)   amygdala
D)   dorsal striatum
E)   hypothalamusF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Opiate receptors in the ________ are responsible for the analgesia caused by opiate drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleus accumbens
B)   preoptic area
C)   periaqueductal gray matter
D)   mesencephalic reticular formation
E)   ventral segmental areaF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following may explain why smokers obtain more pleasure from smoking in the morning than late in the afternoon?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nicotine receptors are in the open state in the morning.
B)   Nicotine receptors are in the closed state in the evening.
C)   Abstinence from nicotine has reset their nicotine receptors to the closed state.
D)   Smoking decreases the number of nicotine receptors in the brain.
E)   Smoking decreases the number of nicotine receptors outside the brain.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

If a new drug is developed that is a potent CB1 agonist, one would expect this drug to

Accepted Answer

A)   produce a "high" similar to that of marijuana.
B)   repair memory in elderly dementia patients.
C)   erode the moral values of this country.
D)   suppress D2 receptors.
E)   produce conditioned aversion for the areas in which the drug is experienced.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 9

At low doses, alcohol

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits cerebellar function.
B)   has an anxiolytic effect.
C)   reduces body temperature.
D)   decreases GABA activity.
E)   inhibits the spinal cord, thereby blocking incoming pain messages.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

_________________, a treatment for nicotine abuse, is a partial agonist for the nicotinic receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)   Varenicline
B)   Rimonabant
C)   Naloxone
D)   Nicotine maintenance
E)   Denicotinized cigarettesF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

The active site of action of the marijuana is the ________ receptor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The active site of action of the...

Question 12

The analgesic effect of opiates is due to activation of neurons within the

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebellum.
B)   medulla.
C)   periaqueductal gray matter.
D)   preoptic area.
E)   spinal cord.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Studies by Volkow indicate that cocaine addicts exhibit ________ during withdrawal from cocaine.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased activation of the orbitofrontal cortex
B)   increased blood flow in the prefrontal cortex
C)   increased blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex
D)   decreased activation of the medial prefrontal cortex
E)   decreased dopamine production in the nucleus accumbensF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

________________ has effects that are so potent and rapid that it is probably the most effective reinforcer of all available drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)   Crack cocaine
B)   Ecstasy
C)   Alcohol
D)   Heroin
E)   KetamineF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Which of the following is true of opiate reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Opiates cause release of dopamine within the hippocampus.
B)   Injections of opiates into the spinal cord are reinforcing.
C)   Injections of opiates into the VTA are reinforcing.
D)   Natural rewards involve cholinergic and opiate systems.
E)   Naloxone blocks cocaine reinforcement.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Imagine that a friend has ingested a drug that prevents alcohol from binding to the GABA receptor and then joins up with you at a bar. Which of the following would you expect to happen to this person?

Accepted Answer

A)   He or she would show no signs of sedation, even after 19 beers.
B)   One beer puts him or her to sleep.
C)   The pill makes alcohol taste bitter, causing him or her to vomit after one sip.
D)   He or she finds alcohol more intoxicating.
E)   This drug allows your friend to quit drinking.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

A man ingests an aspirin to rid himself of a strong headache. This would be an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

negative r...

Question 18

Explain why nicotine is considered to drug of abuse.

Accepted Answer

Humans either smoke regularly or not at ...

Question 19

The drug ________ is useful for the treatment of opiate overdose.

Accepted Answer

A)   heroin
B)   demerol
C)   naloxone
D)   methadone
E)   codeineF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

Which drug administration route would be least reinforcing?

Accepted Answer

A)   oral administration
B)   injection
C)   smoking
D)   snorting
E)   All of these are not reinforcing.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 18: Substance Abuse

________________ has effects that are so potent and rapid that it is probably the most effective reinforcer of all available drugs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is a strong comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________________, a treatment for nicotine abuse, is a partial agonist for the nicotinic receptor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which drug administration route would be least reinforcing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The drug ________ is useful for the treatment of opiate overdose.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a new drug is developed that is a potent CB1 agonist, one would expect this drug to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine abuse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The active site of action of the marijuana is the ________ receptor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that ______________ may be used to decrease the rewarding effects of cocaine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies by Volkow indicate that cocaine addicts exhibit ________ during withdrawal from cocaine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following may explain why smokers obtain more pleasure from smoking in the morning than late in the afternoon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A man ingests an aspirin to rid himself of a strong headache. This would be an example of ________.

Correct Answerverifiednegative r...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain why nicotine is considered to drug of abuse.

Correct AnswerverifiedHumans either smoke regularly or not at ...View AnswerShow Answer

Imagine that a friend has ingested a drug that prevents alcohol from binding to the GABA receptor and then joins up with you at a bar. Which of the following would you expect to happen to this person?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol consumption is not distributed equally across the population; in the United States, _____ percent of the people drink _____ percent of the alcohol.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of opiate reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activation of neurons within the ________ during repeated drug injection appears to play a key role in the compulsive nature of drug abuse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Opiate receptors in the ________ are responsible for the analgesia caused by opiate drugs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The analgesic effect of opiates is due to activation of neurons within the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At low doses, alcohol

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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negative r...
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Humans either smoke regularly or not at ...
View Answer

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Alcohol consumption is not distributed equally across the population; in the United States, _ percent of the people drink _ percent of the alcohol.

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