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"Accounting Advice." Brad, a newly hired Certified Public Accountant, who barely passed his boards, was asked by a business client, a chief executive officer, about the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on an accounting issue. Brad assured the client that the client should not be concerned about the Act because it is very vague, unspecific, and difficult to understand. Brad told the CEO that in any event, the CEO could not be held personally responsible regardless of what happened because only company business was involved. Brad also told the CEO that there is no oversight involved with the act. Later that same day, a coworker of Brad discovered that the CEO had been involved in misstating some financial reports and had also destroyed financial documents to cover up fraud. An employee at the company, Laura, had informed the coworker as well as the SEC. When the issue was mentioned to the CEO, he immediately fired Laura. -Which of the following is true regarding Brad's statement that the CEO could not be held liable for violations of the act?


A) Brad is correct. Under no circumstances can a CEO be held personally responsible for violations under the act. Any fines would be imposed upon the business entity.
B) Brad is incorrect. The act provides for harsh penalties, and a CEO who knows that the company's financial reports are incorrect but claims that they are truthful, can be heavily fined. There are no penalties, however, for destruction of financial documents.
C) Brad is incorrect. The act provides for harsh penalties, and a CEO who destroys or changes financial documents to mislead can be heavily fined. There are no penalties, however, for misstatements of a company's financial reports because the company is solely responsible for its statements.
D) Brad is incorrect, but any fine against a CEO under the act cannot exceed a nominal amount of $1,000.
E) Brad is incorrect. The act provides for harsh penalties, and a CEO who knows that the company's financial reports are incorrect but claims that they are truthful, can be heavily fined. Additionally, a CEO who destroys or changes financial documents to mislead can be heavily fined.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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"Fast Food Dilemma." Richard, who just started at his new job as an assistant manager at a fast-food restaurant, wants to make a good impression. He thinks that things are going great. On only the second day on the job, however, he sees his boss Jill, the manager, slink out of the restaurant with a big box of hamburger that she puts in her car. Jill then speeds away. Richard is fairly certain that Jill did not pay for the hamburger. Richard asks advice of his best friend, Bruce; his girlfriend, Sally; his sister, Jenny; and his dad, Frank. Bruce says that there are no real objective standards and that Richard should just decide what is best for him. Sally says that Richard should focus on the consequences and focus on the greatest benefit to all involved. She believes that it will do no real harm for Richard to keep his mouth shut because the fast-food restaurant is making plenty of money and probably does not pay Jill enough anyway. Plus, getting in trouble with Jill could cause problems at work, and if Richard loses his job, Richard and Sally might have to put off their marriage. Jenny says that on balance the rule producing the greatest good would be to tell Jill because stealing does not generally produce the greatest satisfaction. Richard's dad says that as a matter of principle Richard should tell Jill because stealing is simply wrong. -Which of the following theories most accurately fits the advice given by Sally?


A) Deontology
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Ethical relativism
E) Virtue ethics

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following was the result in U.S. v. Alfred Caronia, the case in the text in which the defending pharmaceutical representative was charged with illegally promoting off-label use of a drug?


A) That the defendant had not indeed promoted off-label use of the drug at issue, and the case was dismissed.
B) That although the defendant promoted off-label use of the drug at issue, the off-label use was later approved as a valid and appropriate use, and the case was dismissed.
C) That the defendant's speech failed to meet the criteria for classification as commercial speech and that, therefore, the defendant had no constitutional argument in opposition to the charges against him.
D) That although the defendant's speech met the criteria for classification as commercial speech, no constitutional protection has been historically extended to that type of speech; and the defendant, therefore, had no constitutional argument in opposition to the charges against him.
E) That although the defendant's speech met the criteria for classification as commercial speech entitled to constitutional protection under some conditions, the government met the requirements for regulation of the particular speech at issue involving off-label usage.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Summarize the following ethical principles: (a). Ethical relativism (b). Situational ethics (c). Consequentialism (d). Deontology (e). Virtue ethics (f). Ethics of care

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(a). Ethical relativism - Asserts that m...

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Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism.

A) True
B) False

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"Accounting Advice." Brad, a newly hired Certified Public Accountant, who barely passed his boards, was asked by a business client, a chief executive officer, about the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on an accounting issue. Brad assured the client that the client should not be concerned about the Act because it is very vague, unspecific, and difficult to understand. Brad told the CEO that in any event, the CEO could not be held personally responsible regardless of what happened because only company business was involved. Brad also told the CEO that there is no oversight involved with the act. Later that same day, a coworker of Brad discovered that the CEO had been involved in misstating some financial reports and had also destroyed financial documents to cover up fraud. An employee at the company, Laura, had informed the coworker as well as the SEC. When the issue was mentioned to the CEO, he immediately fired Laura. -Contrary to Brad's statement, does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act create a board of oversight; and, if so, what is its name?


A) Brad is correct. No oversight board was created.
B) A board called the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board was created by the Act.
C) A board called the Public Accountability Commission was created by the Act.
D) A board called the CPA Oversight Commission was created by the Act.
E) A board called the Federal Accountability Commission was created by the Act.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following is the study and practice of decisions about what is good, or right?


A) Morals
B) Ethics
C) Consequences
D) Law
E) Business

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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